A whole-house generator offers peace of mind and continuous power during outages, protecting your home, family, and essential appliances. Investing in a whole-house generator is a significant decision that requires careful consideration. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of what you need to know before making a purchase, ensuring you select the right generator for your needs and budget.
| Topic | Considerations | Further Details |
|---|---|---|
| Power Needs (Sizing) | Calculate total wattage requirements of essential appliances and devices. Consider starting wattage vs. running wattage. Plan for future expansion. | Include lights, refrigerator, freezer, HVAC system (critical during extreme weather), sump pump, well pump, medical equipment, and security systems. Starting wattage is higher than running wattage for many appliances; generators need to handle the surge. Oversizing slightly is preferable to undersizing. A load calculation worksheet provided by generator manufacturers or an electrician can help. |
| Fuel Type | Natural gas, propane, or diesel. Consider availability, cost, and storage requirements. Think about environmental impact. | Natural gas is often the most convenient if a gas line is already available. Propane requires on-site tank storage. Diesel offers high energy density but may have stricter emissions regulations and requires fuel storage. Fuel costs fluctuate, so research current prices. Consider the environmental impact of each fuel, as emissions vary. Availability of fuel during emergencies is crucial. |
| Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) | Essential for seamless power transfer. Consider size and compatibility with the generator. Evaluate safety features. | The ATS automatically detects a power outage and starts the generator, then switches the home's electrical system to generator power. It also switches back to utility power when it returns. The ATS must be rated for the amperage of your electrical service. Safety features include overload protection and short-circuit protection. A correctly sized ATS prevents backfeeding into the utility grid, which is extremely dangerous and illegal. |
| Installation | Professional installation is highly recommended. Consider location, permits, and local codes. Factor in costs for electrical and gas connections. | Proper installation ensures safe and reliable operation. Location should be well-ventilated and protected from the elements, while also accessible for maintenance. Permits are often required by local authorities. Electrical connections must be made by a licensed electrician to comply with codes. Gas connections require a qualified plumber or gas technician. Consider noise levels when choosing a location. |
| Maintenance | Regular maintenance is crucial for longevity. Consider oil changes, filter replacements, and battery checks. Schedule professional servicing. | Regular maintenance ensures the generator is ready to operate when needed. Oil changes are typically required every 50-200 hours of operation. Air and fuel filters should be replaced periodically. Battery checks are essential for reliable starting. Professional servicing includes inspection, testing, and adjustments. Keep a maintenance log. Consider a maintenance contract with the installer. |
| Noise Level | Generators produce noise during operation. Consider sound attenuation options. Check local noise ordinances. | Noise levels are typically measured in decibels (dB). Sound attenuation options include enclosures and strategically placing the generator away from living areas. Local noise ordinances may restrict operating hours or noise levels. Researching the dB rating of different models is important. |
| Cost | Initial purchase price, installation costs, fuel costs, and maintenance costs. Compare quotes from multiple providers. Consider long-term cost of ownership. | Initial purchase price varies depending on size, features, and brand. Installation costs can be significant, including electrical, gas, and permits. Fuel costs depend on fuel type and usage. Maintenance costs include oil changes, filter replacements, and professional servicing. Consider the lifespan of the generator and the potential cost of repairs. Factor in the cost of the ATS. |
| Warranty | Understand the warranty coverage and duration. Read the fine print regarding exclusions. Consider extended warranty options. | Warranty coverage typically includes parts and labor for a specified period. Exclusions may include damage due to improper installation, neglect, or acts of God. Extended warranties can provide additional protection. Understand the process for filing a warranty claim. |
| Local Regulations & Permits | Research local building codes and permitting requirements. Ensure compliance with safety and environmental regulations. | Most jurisdictions require permits for generator installation. Building codes specify requirements for electrical, gas, and fuel connections. Environmental regulations may restrict emissions or noise levels. Your installer should be familiar with local regulations and assist with the permitting process. Failure to comply with regulations can result in fines or delays. |
| Generator Type (Standby vs. Portable) | Understand the differences between standby and portable generators. Standby generators are permanently installed and automatically start during outages. Portable generators require manual setup and fueling. | Standby generators provide whole-house power and seamless operation. Portable generators are more affordable but require manual intervention and may not be suitable for powering all appliances simultaneously. Standby generators are connected to the home's electrical system through an ATS. Portable generators typically use extension cords. Consider the convenience and safety of each type. |
Detailed Explanations
Power Needs (Sizing): Determining the correct size of generator is paramount. Start by listing all essential appliances and devices you want to power during an outage. Then, calculate the wattage each appliance consumes, paying attention to both running wattage (the power required to keep the appliance running) and starting wattage (the power required to start the appliance, often higher). Sum the running wattage of all appliances you plan to use simultaneously. Add the highest starting wattage of any single appliance to this sum. This total will give you the minimum generator size you need. It's wise to add a safety margin of 10-20% to accommodate future needs.
Fuel Type: The choice of fuel depends on availability, cost, convenience, and environmental considerations. Natural gas is often the most convenient if you already have a natural gas line, as it eliminates the need for fuel storage. Propane requires an on-site tank, which needs to be filled periodically. Diesel offers high energy density and is a reliable option, but may have stricter emissions regulations and fuel storage requirements. Consider the long-term cost of each fuel and its availability during emergencies.
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS): An ATS is a crucial component of a whole-house generator system. It automatically detects a power outage and starts the generator, seamlessly switching the home's electrical system to generator power. When utility power returns, the ATS automatically switches back. A properly sized ATS prevents backfeeding electricity into the utility grid, which is dangerous and illegal. Ensure the ATS is compatible with your generator and electrical service amperage.
Installation: Professional installation is highly recommended for safety and compliance. A qualified electrician and plumber can ensure proper electrical and gas connections. The generator's location should be well-ventilated, protected from the elements, and accessible for maintenance. Local permits are often required, and the installer should be familiar with local codes.
Maintenance: Regular maintenance is essential for the longevity and reliability of your generator. This includes oil changes, filter replacements (air and fuel), battery checks, and periodic inspections. Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for maintenance intervals. Consider scheduling professional servicing annually or bi-annually.
Noise Level: Generators produce noise during operation, which can be a nuisance. Consider the noise level (measured in decibels) when choosing a generator and its location. Sound attenuation options, such as enclosures, can help reduce noise. Check local noise ordinances to ensure compliance.
Cost: The total cost of a whole-house generator includes the initial purchase price, installation costs, fuel costs, and maintenance costs. Obtain quotes from multiple providers to compare prices. Consider the long-term cost of ownership, including fuel consumption and maintenance expenses.
Warranty: Understand the warranty coverage and duration before making a purchase. Read the fine print to understand any exclusions. Consider extended warranty options for added protection. Know the process for filing a warranty claim.
Local Regulations & Permits: Research local building codes and permitting requirements before installing a generator. Most jurisdictions require permits for generator installations. Ensure compliance with safety and environmental regulations.
Generator Type (Standby vs. Portable): Standby generators are permanently installed and automatically start during power outages, providing whole-house power. Portable generators are less expensive but require manual setup and fueling, and may not be suitable for powering all appliances simultaneously.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I determine the right size generator for my home? Calculate the total wattage of essential appliances and devices you want to power simultaneously, accounting for both running and starting wattage. Add a safety margin of 10-20%.
What is an automatic transfer switch (ATS)? An ATS automatically detects a power outage and switches the home's electrical system to generator power, then switches back to utility power when it returns. It prevents dangerous backfeeding into the utility grid.
What type of fuel is best for a whole-house generator? The best fuel type depends on availability, cost, and convenience. Natural gas is often the most convenient if a gas line is already available.
Is professional installation required for a whole-house generator? Professional installation is highly recommended for safety and compliance with local codes and regulations.
How often should I maintain my whole-house generator? Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for maintenance intervals, including oil changes, filter replacements, and battery checks. Consider scheduling professional servicing annually or bi-annually.
Conclusion
Investing in a whole-house generator is a significant decision that requires careful planning and research. By understanding your power needs, fuel options, and installation requirements, you can select the right generator for your home and enjoy peace of mind during power outages. Remember to prioritize safety, compliance, and regular maintenance to ensure reliable operation.