What To Know Before Buying A Home Generator

Power outages are an increasingly common occurrence, disrupting daily life and potentially causing significant inconvenience and even danger. A home generator can provide a reliable backup power source, ensuring essential appliances and systems continue to function during an outage. Before investing in a generator, careful planning and research are crucial to select the right model and ensure safe and effective operation. This article will guide you through the key considerations to make an informed decision.

Sizing Your Generator

Choosing the right size generator is paramount for ensuring it can meet your power needs without being unnecessarily expensive or inefficient. The sizing is measured in watts, and understanding the difference between starting watts and running watts is essential.

Essential vs. Whole-House Coverage: First, determine what appliances and devices you absolutely need to power during an outage. This might include your refrigerator, lights, heating/cooling system, medical equipment, and communication devices. List these items and their wattage requirements. Decide whether you want to power just the essentials or attempt to power your entire house. Attempting to power the whole house requires a much larger (and more expensive) generator.

Starting vs. Running Watts: Every appliance has a running wattage (the power it needs to operate continuously) and a starting wattage (the extra power it needs to initially start up). Inductive loads, such as refrigerators, air conditioners, and power tools, require significantly higher starting wattage. Add up the running watts of all the appliances you want to run simultaneously. Then, identify the appliance with the highest starting wattage and add that to your running wattage total. This will give you the minimum generator size you need. It is always recommended to add a safety margin of 10-20% to this total to account for unforeseen power surges or future additions.

Fuel Type

Generators are typically powered by gasoline, propane, or natural gas. Each fuel type has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Gasoline: Gasoline generators are generally the least expensive to purchase and readily available. However, gasoline has a shorter shelf life than propane or natural gas, requiring stabilizers if stored for extended periods. Gasoline also produces higher emissions and can be more dangerous to store due to its flammability.

Propane: Propane generators offer a longer shelf life for the fuel and produce lower emissions than gasoline. Propane tanks can be stored safely for extended periods. However, propane generators may be slightly more expensive than gasoline models, and propane can be more expensive than natural gas, depending on local pricing.

Natural Gas: Natural gas generators are connected directly to your home's natural gas line, eliminating the need for fuel storage. This provides a continuous fuel supply as long as natural gas service is available. Natural gas is often the most cost-effective fuel option. However, natural gas generators are typically more expensive to purchase and require professional installation. Also, if the natural gas supply is disrupted during a widespread emergency, the generator will not function.

Fuel Consumption & Emissions: Consider the fuel consumption rate of the generator at different load levels. This will affect the operating costs of the generator. Also, be mindful of the emissions produced by the generator. Gasoline generators typically have higher emissions compared to propane or natural gas models. Look for generators that meet EPA emissions standards.

Transfer Switch

A transfer switch is a crucial safety component that allows you to safely connect your generator to your home's electrical system. It prevents backfeeding, which is when electricity from the generator flows back into the power grid, potentially endangering utility workers and damaging equipment.

Manual vs. Automatic: Manual transfer switches require you to manually switch the power source from the grid to the generator. This involves flipping a switch after starting the generator. Automatic transfer switches (ATS) automatically detect a power outage and start the generator, switching the power source automatically. ATS systems offer greater convenience and are particularly useful for individuals who may not be able to manually operate a generator.

Safety Interlocks: Ensure the transfer switch has safety interlocks to prevent accidental backfeeding. These interlocks physically prevent the generator from powering the home's circuits while the utility power is still connected. This is a critical safety feature that protects utility workers and your home's electrical system.

Portability

The portability of a generator is an important consideration, especially for smaller models.

Wheel Kit: If you plan to move the generator frequently, consider a model with a wheel kit. This will make it easier to transport the generator around your property.

Noise Level: Generators can be noisy, especially larger models. Consider the noise level of the generator and choose a model that is reasonably quiet, especially if you have neighbors nearby. Noise levels are typically measured in decibels (dB). Look for generators with noise reduction features, such as mufflers and sound dampening enclosures.

Installation

The installation process varies depending on the type of generator and the complexity of the setup.

DIY vs. Professional: While some smaller generators can be installed DIY, larger standby generators require professional installation. A qualified electrician can ensure the generator is properly connected to your home's electrical system and that all safety codes are met. Installing a generator incorrectly can be dangerous and could void the warranty.

Local Codes and Permits: Check with your local authorities to determine if any permits are required for generator installation. Many municipalities have specific regulations regarding generator placement, fuel storage, and noise levels. Ensure you comply with all local codes and regulations to avoid fines or penalties.

Maintenance

Regular maintenance is essential for ensuring the generator operates reliably when needed and extends its lifespan.

Regular Servicing: Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for regular servicing, including oil changes, filter replacements, and spark plug maintenance. Keep a maintenance log to track when services were performed.

Fuel Storage: Proper fuel storage is crucial for gasoline and propane generators. Gasoline should be stored in approved containers with a fuel stabilizer to prevent degradation. Propane tanks should be stored in a safe and well-ventilated area. Natural gas generators do not require fuel storage.

Cost

The cost of a generator includes not only the initial purchase price but also the ongoing operating and maintenance costs.

Initial Purchase Price: Generator prices vary widely depending on the size, fuel type, and features. Shop around and compare prices from different retailers.

Operating Costs: Factor in the cost of fuel, maintenance, and any necessary repairs. Natural gas generators typically have lower operating costs due to the lower cost of natural gas. However, propane and gasoline generators may have higher operating costs due to fuel consumption and the need for fuel storage.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much does a home generator cost? Prices range from a few hundred dollars for a small portable generator to several thousand dollars for a whole-house standby generator.

What size generator do I need? Calculate your essential wattage needs, accounting for both running and starting watts, and add a 10-20% safety margin.

Can I install a generator myself? Smaller portable generators are often DIY-friendly, but larger standby generators require professional installation by a licensed electrician.

What is a transfer switch and why do I need one? A transfer switch safely connects the generator to your home's electrical system and prevents dangerous backfeeding.

How often should I maintain my generator? Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for regular servicing, typically including oil changes, filter replacements, and spark plug maintenance.

What is the best fuel type for a home generator? The best fuel type depends on your needs and preferences, considering factors such as cost, availability, storage, and emissions.

How long can a generator run continuously? This depends on the generator's fuel tank size and fuel consumption rate; refer to the manufacturer's specifications.

What is backfeeding? Backfeeding is when electricity from the generator flows back into the power grid, endangering utility workers and potentially damaging equipment.

Do I need a permit to install a generator? Many municipalities require permits for generator installation; check with your local authorities.

How do I store fuel for my generator safely? Store gasoline in approved containers with a fuel stabilizer, and propane tanks in a safe, well-ventilated area.

Conclusion

Choosing the right home generator requires careful consideration of your power needs, fuel preferences, installation requirements, and budget. By understanding the key factors outlined in this article, you can select a generator that provides reliable backup power and peace of mind during power outages. Remember to prioritize safety and consult with qualified professionals for installation and maintenance.